Chaînes d'approvisionnement en biomasse pour les essences forestières exotiques envahissantes

Auteurs

School for Climate Studies, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
Duduzile K. NGWENYA
School for Climate Studies, Stellenbosch University, South Africa

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.19182/bft2025.362.a37616

Mots-clés


bioénergie, biomasse, espèces exotiques envahissantes, logistique, chaîne d'approvisionnement, Afrique du Sud.

Résumé

Le défrichage et la restauration des terres envahies par des essences exotiques en Afrique du Sud sont stratégiques pour s'adapter au changement climatique. Les financements devenant insuffisants et les opérations de défrichage des essences exotiques ayant une efficacité limitée, les arbres étant laissé ou brulés généralement sur place, il y a lieu de privilégier les chaînes de valeur basées sur la biomasse. Cependant, la faisabilité financière des principaux produits d'intérêt (bioénergie et biochar) est contestée en raison d’une sous-optimisation des chaînes d'approvisionnement. Elles doivent être adaptées à une ressource dispersée, hétérogène et mal cartographiée. À cette fin, nous avons interrogé les principales catégories de parties prenantes sur la base d'un cadre analytique dérivé de la littérature. Nous avons validé nos résultats lors d'un atelier avec les parties prenantes. Il s'agit d'une première tentative d'étude et d'amélioration des chaînes d'approvisionnement basées sur les arbres envahissants, avec des résultats transposables à d’autres contextes. Nous constatons une gouvernance complexe des chaînes d'approvisionnement, sans coordination avec les programmes de défrichage des espèces exotiques, une diversité de modèles et des rapports mitigés sur la fluidité des interactions avec les propriétaires fonciers. Nous concluons par six recommandations : (i) création d'une association d'utilisateurs de biomasse (diffusion d'information et liens avec les acteurs publics) ; (ii) soutien aux grands utilisateurs de biomasse (potentiel d'innovation, certification de durabilité) ; (iii) financement centralisé (planification cohérente du défrichage des espèces exotiques) ; (iv) généralisation des plateformes collaboratives de paysage (amélioration de l'accès aux sites, soutien ciblé aux chaînes de valeur) ; (v) renforcement de l'application de la loi (réduction des coûts de transaction et renforcement du pouvoir de négociation des fournisseurs de biomasse) ; (vi) amélioration de la coordination entre les parties prenantes (articulation avec le défrichage des espèces exotiques, intégration accrue).

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Biographie de l'auteur

Romain PIRARD

Romain Pirard holds a PhD in Environmental Economics with twenty years of experience in various contexts such as international organizations (CIFOR, World Bank, NGOs (IUCN, Greenpeace), research & development organizations (CIRAD, CERDI), think tanks (IDDRI), consultancy (ONFI) and bilateral cooperation (French Embassy). His expertise includes deforestation dynamics in the tropics, various approaches to sustainable forest management and the provision of ecosystem services and the role of commodity supply chains, with a specialisation in Indonesia. He is now hosted by the School for Climate Studies at the Stellenbosch University in South Africa to develop research on the economics of land use for climate change mitigation and adaptation as well as the challenges and opportunities of the Just Energy Transition in South Africa. His current research interests focus on the use of value-add industries (bioenergy, biochar) using biomass from invasive alien species.

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Tree stems are bucked and piled up on the harvesting site. Photo D. K. Ngwenya.
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Reçu

2024-12-06

Accepté

2025-06-12

Publié

2025-06-12

Comment citer

PIRARD, R. ., & NGWENYA, D. K. . (2025). Chaînes d’approvisionnement en biomasse pour les essences forestières exotiques envahissantes. BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES, 362, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.19182/bft2025.362.a37616

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