Effets de la maturité des graines et des caractéristiques du morphotype sur la germination des graines de Lannea microcarpa dans la région soudanienne sèche du Bénin
Résumé
Comprendre l'effet de la taille et du niveau de maturité des graines sur leur capacité de germination est essentiel pour la propagation efficace d'une essence. La présente étude a évalué la variabilité de la germination de graines de l'essence fruitière indigène Lannea microcarpa en fonction des niveaux de maturité des graines et des caractéristiques du morphotype. Trois niveaux de maturité des fruits (fruits verts, vert-rouge et rouge-pourpre) et quatre morphotypes, déterminés selon les caractéristiques morphologiques des fruits et des graines (diamètre des fruits, masse des fruits, épaisseur des graines, largeur des graines et poids des graines) ont été considérés. Le protocole expérimental prévoyait un bloc complet randomisé avec trois répétitions. Le taux de germination et le temps jusqu'à la première germination ont été calculés et analysés à l'aide de modèles linéaires généralisés à effet mixte et quasi-Poisson, respectivement. Les résultats ont donné le meilleur taux de germination (82,78 ± 5,2 %, 45 jours après le semis) pour le morphotype 2 (graine de taille moyenne) et le plus faible (33,90 ± 1,49 %, 45 jours après le semis) pour le morphotype 3 (graine de plus grande taille). Le temps le plus court pour la première germination a été enregistré pour le morphotype 2 (6,89 ± 1,08 jours après le semis) et le plus long (9,96 ± 3,2 jours après le semis) pour le morphotype 1 (graines plus petites). Les graines des fruits verts avaient un meilleur taux de germination que les graines des fruits vert-rouge et rouge-pourpre. Des variations considérables ont également été observées d'un arbre à l'autre, ce qui suggère un rôle moteur potentiel du génotype dans la capacité de germination des graines. Nos résultats suggèrent que les graines de taille intermédiaire prélevées sur des fruits verts présentent les meilleures performances en matière de germination.
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Références
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