Séquestration du carbone et provision d’autres services écosystémiques des parcs agroforestiers à karité au Burkina Faso
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.19182/bft2023.356.a36903Mots-clés
agrisylviculture, biomasse, carbone, contrôle de l’érosion, climat, Burkina Faso.Résumé
L'agroforesterie joue un rôle important dans l'atténuation du climat et la provison d’autres services ecosystemiques. La forme la plus repandue de cette agroforesterie pour l’Afrique de l’Ouest est constituée par les parcs agroforestiers avec karité (Vitellaria paradoxa) comme espèce dominante. En depit de cette importance, le potentiel de séquestration du carbone des parcs agroforestiers à karité a été très peu documenté au Burkina Faso. La présente étude a pour objectif d’évaluer la contribution des parcs agroforestiers à karité à la séquestration du carbone et autres services écosystémiques dans ce pays. Pour cela, une enquête auprès des ménages et des inventaires ont été réalisés dans trois secteurs phytogeographiques au Burkina Faso. Plus de 89 % des personnes enquetées ont le karité dans leurs champs. Selon les résultats d’enquêtes, la plante fournit du bois de chauffe et du bois d'œuvre. Elle améliore également la fertilité du sol et intervient dans le contrôle l'érosion du sol. La densité du karité dans les champs varie entre 32 et 45 individus par hectare avec une hauteur moyenne de 7,93 ± 0, 22 m et un diamètre à hauteur de poitrine (DBH) de 31,9 0± 1,37 cm. La biomasse aérienne des individus de V. paradoxa présents dans les différents parcs varie entre 15,52 et 42,8 Mg/ha (soit une moyenne de 25,69 ± 8,14 Mg/ha ou 12,85 Mg de carbone par hectare). Nos resultats ont donc montré que les parcs agroforestiers à karité contribuent de manière significative à la séquestration du carbone et que l'ampleur de ces bénéfices varie avec le DBH des arbres et les secteurs phytogeographiques. Nous avons constaté que les individus ont tous un DBH> 24 cm et qu'il n'y a donc pas de jeunes sujets. Il y a donc nécessité de régénération qui peut se faire par régénération naturelle assistée ou par plantation ou une combinaison des deux.
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