Impact of water regime and harvest management on the quantity and quality of herbaceous forage in the Sahelian ecosystem of Senegal

Authors

    A.J.A. N'goran, O. Ndiaye, O. Diatta, D. Ngom, S. Diatta, H.H. Gebremedhn, C. Fassinou, L. Bonnal, D. Bastianelli, P. Salgado, S. Taugourdeau

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19182/remvt.37286

Keywords


Forage, biomass production, chemical composition, nutritive value, Sahel

Abstract

Background: The climate and harvest management practices influence forage production in the Sahel. However, the combined effect of these parameters has not been assessed. Aim: This study aims to measure the joint effect of rainfall and harvesting practices on the quantity and quality of forage. Methods: Aboveground biomass samples were collected during (July and August) and at the end (October) of the 2021 rainy season by full cutting on 68 harvest plots: 20 plots with different water regimes (varying water quantities and duration of inputs), and 48 plots with different quantities of water combined with different cutting heights (0 or 5 cm above ground) and harvest periods (early or late). Results: The aboveground biomass ranged from 2,932.2 ± 1,672.1 to 6,383.6 ± 2,962.6 kg/ha for water regime treatments, and 2,397.7 ± 6,263.4 kg/ha to 15,059.2 ± 9,782.9 kg/ha for cumulated harvest aboveground biomass. The crude fiber rate (as % of dry matter) was between 5.5 ± 0.9% and 6.4 ± 1.2%. Digestible crude protein varied between 21.8 ± 67.96% and 67.2 ± 15.8%. Regardless of the quantity of water received, equivalent quantities and qualities of forage (p > 0.05) were produced by the plots that were not harvested until the end of the season and those harvested at the beginning of the development cycle of the forage species. The amount of aboveground biomass produced was the same, independent of the cutting heights (3,535.8 ± 2,953.5 for 0 cm and 4,503.4 ± 3,068.6 kg/ha for 5 cm). On the other hand, the plots harvested at the fruiting stage of the species produced forage composed of young plants in smaller quantities and of good quality. Conclusions: The quantity and quality of herbaceous forage yield at the end of the rainy season were mainly influenced by the phenological stage. Forage resource management programs should favor cutting times and heights that allow optimal ground coverage to reduce the risk of erosion.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Affiliations

  • A.J.A. N'goran
    aajngoran@gmail.com
    ISRA/CRZ-Dahra (Centre de Recherches Zootechniques) ; PPZS (Pastoralism and Drylands Pole), Dakar, Senegal; UCAD FST Department of plant biology, Dakar, Senegal ; SELMET, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
  • O. Ndiaye
    ISRA/CRZ-Dahra (Centre de Recherches Zootechniques) ; PPZS (Pastoralism and Drylands in West Africa Platform), Dakar, Senegal
  • O. Diatta ISRA/CRZ-Dahra (Centre de Recherches Zootechniques) ; PPZS (Pastoralism and Drylands in West Africa Platform), Dakar, Senegal ; UCAD FST Department of plant biology, Dakar, Senegal
  • D. Ngom PPZS (Pastoralism and Drylands in West Africa Platform), Dakar, Senegal ; UCAD FST Department of plant biology, Dakar, Senegal
  • S. Diatta PPZS (Pastoralism and Drylands in West Africa Platform), Dakar, Senegal ; UCAD FST Department of plant biology, Dakar, Senegal
  • H.H. Gebremedhn PPZS (Pastoralism and Drylands in West Africa Platform), Dakar, Senegal
  • C. Fassinou ISRA/CRZ-Dahra (Centre de Recherches Zootechniques) ; PPZS (Pastoralism and Drylands in West Africa Platform), Dakar, Senegal ; UCAD FST Department of plant biology, Dakar, Senegal
  • L. Bonnal
    SELMET, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France ; CIRAD, UMR SELMET, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
  • D. Bastianelli
    SELMET, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France ; CIRAD, UMR SELMET, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
  • P. Salgado
    PPZS (Pastoralism and Drylands in West Africa Platform), Dakar, Senegal ; SELMET, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France ; CIRAD, UMR SELMET, Dahra, Sénégal.
  • S. Taugourdeau
    PPZS (Pastoralism and Drylands in West Africa Platform), Dakar, Senegal ; SELMET, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France ; CIRAD, UMR SELMET, F-34398 Montpellier, France.

    References

    Akpo L.E., 1998. Effet de l’arbre sur la végétation herbacée dans quelques phytocénoses au Sénégal. Variation selon un gradient climatique. Thèse Doct. d’Etat en sciences naturelles, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senégal, 142 p.

    Andueza D., Picard F., Jestin M., Andrieu J., Baumont R., 2011. NIRS prediction of the feed value of temperate forages: efficacy of four calibration strategies. Animal, 5 (7): 1002‑1013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731110002697

    Archimède H., Sauvant D., Assoumaya C., Fanchone A., Boval M., 2009. Fourrages tropicaux: Valeur alimentaire comparée aux fourrages tempérés et évaluation au pâturage. In: 16éme Renc. Rech. Ruminants, INRA, France, pp. 16-24

    Assouma M.H., Hiernaux P., Lecomte P., Ickowicz A., Bernoux M., Vayssières J., 2019. Contrasted seasonal balances in a Sahelian pastoral ecosystem result in a neutral annual carbon balance. J. Arid Environ., 162: 62‑73 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2018.11.013

    Bastianelli D., Bonnal L., Barre P., Nabeneza S., Salgado P., Andueza D., 2019. La spectrométrie dans le proche infrarouge pour la caractérisation des ressources alimentaires. INRA Prod. Anim., 31 (3): 237‑254 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2018.31.2.2330

    Baumont R., Aufrere J., Meschy F., 2009. La valeur alimentaire des fourrages : rôle des pratiques de culture, de récolte et de conservation. Fourrages, 198: 153‑173

    Behnke R.H., 2000. Equilibrium and non-equilibrium models of livestock population dynamics in pastoral Africa: their relevance to Arctic grazing systems. Rangifer, 20 (2‑3): 141‑152 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7557/2.20.2-3.1509

    Boudet G., 1991. Manuel sur les pâturages tropicaux et les cultures fourragères. Orstom. Ministère des relations extérieures, France, 255 p.

    Boudet G., Cheick A.W.O., 1986. Recherches sur les pâturages et leur conservation en Mauritanie., ACCT, Paris, France, pp. 79-87

    Cisse A.M., 1986. Dynamique de la strate herbacee des paturages de la zone sud-sahelienne. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen, Pays-bas, 211 p.

    Delon C., Galy-Lacaux C., Serça D., Loubet B., Camara N., Gardrat E., Saneh I., et al., 2017. Soil and vegetation-atmosphere exchange of NO, NH3, and N2O from field measurements in a semi arid grazed ecosystem in Senegal. Atmospheric Environment, 156: 36‑51 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.02.024

    Derry J.F., Boone R.B., 2010. Grazing systems are a result of equilibrium and non-equilibrium dynamics. J Arid Environ, 74 (2): 307‑309 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.07.010

    Diatta O., 2021. Suivi saisonnier et interannuel de la strate herbacée des parcours sahéliens du Sénégal (CRZ Dahra, Nord Sénégal). Thèse Doct. en Biologie, Productions et Pathologies Animales, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal, 112 p.

    Diatta O., Ndiaye O., Ngom D., Diatta S., Fensholt R., Tagesson T., Taugourdeau S., 2021. Réponses de la phytomasse herbacée aux fluctuations de la pluviométrie en milieu pâturé sahélien du Ferlo. Fourrages, 246: 97‑105

    Diawara M.O., Hiernaux P., Sissoko S., Mougin E., Ba A., Soumaguel N., Diakité H.S., 2020. Sensibilité de la production herbacée aux aléas de la distribution des pluies au Sahel (Agoufou, Mali): une approche par modélisation. Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci., 14 (4): 1341‑1353 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i4.14

    Dieng A., Buldgen A., 1997. Andropogon gayanus var bisquamulatus, une culture fourragère pour les régions tropicales. Les presses agronomiques de Gembloux, Belgique, 174 p.

    FAO, 2020. Estimation des bilans fourragers dans la région du Sahel d’Afrique de l’Ouest et Centrale. FAO, Rome, Italie, 64 p.

    Faustine K.A., Francis T.B. boli, Jean K.K., 2016. Etude socio-Économique de l’exploitation des plantes fourragères dans le district d’Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire). Europ. Sci. J., 12 (34): 357‑357 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n34p357

    Fournier A., 1994. Cycle saisonnier de la phytomasse et de la production herbacée dans les savanes soudaniennes de Nazinga (Burkina Faso) : comparaison avec d’autres savanes ouest-africaines. Ecologie, 25 (3): 173‑188

    Hiernaux P., Fernandez-Rivera S., 1999. Grazing rotation in the annual-dominated rangelands of the Sahel. In: People and Rangelands Building the Future VIth International Rangeland Congress. Aitkenvale, Qld, Australia, pp. 513‑514

    Inra, 2010. Tables d’alimentation des bovins, ovins, caprins. Besoins des animaux - Valeurs des aliments.. Editions Quae, Versailles, France, 315 p.

    Jarrige R., 1988. Alimentation des bovins, ovins et caprins. INRA Editions, Paris, France, 471 p.

    Klein H.D., Rippstein G., Huguenin J., Toutain B., Guerin H., Louppe D. 2013. Les cultures fourragères. Editions Quae, Versailles, France, 264 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35690/978-2-7592-2169-1

    Levang P., Grouzis M., 1980. Méthodes d’études de la biomasse herbacée de formations sahéliennes: application à la Mare d’Oursi, Haute-V. Acta oecologica. Série Oecologia plantarum Montreuil, 1 (3): 231‑244

    NASA P., 2021. POWER | Data Access Viewer https://power.larc.nasa.gov/data-access-viewer/ (consulté le 21 novembre 2023)

    Ndiaye O., 2015. Déterminants de la dynamique de la végétation d’un milieu pâture en région sahélienne du Sénégal. Thèse Doct.unique en Biologie, Productions et Pathologies Animales, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal, 130 p.

    Nicholson S.E., Fink A.H., Funk C., 2018a. Assessing recovery and change in West Africa’s rainfall regime from a 161-year record. Int. J. Climatol., 38 (10): 3770‑3786 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5530

    Nicholson S.E., Funk C., Fink A.H., 2018b. Rainfall over the African continent from the 19th through the 21st century. Glob. Planet. Change, 165: 114‑127 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.12.014

    Nicholson S.E., Some B., Kone B., 2000. An Analysis of Recent Rainfall Conditions in West Africa, Including the Rainy Seasons of the 1997 El Niño and the 1998 La Niña Years. J.. Clim., 13 (14): 2628‑2640 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<2628:AAORRC>2.0.CO;2

    Penning de Vries F.W.T. (Ed.), 1982. La productivité des pâturages sahéliens : une étude des sols, des végétations et de l’exploitation de cette ressource naturelle. PUDOC, Wageningen, Pays Bas, 525 p.

    Richard D., Alary V., Corniaux C., Duteurtre G., Lhoste P., 2019. Dynamique des élevages pastoraux et agropastoraux en Afrique intertropicale. Collection Agricultures tropicales en poche, Quae. CTA, Presses agronomiques de Gembloux, 250 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35690/978-2-7592-2895-9

    Sakatai D.P., Folefack D.P., Balna J., Tize K.J., 2021. Vers une crise des plantes fourragères marchandes en zone soudano-sahélienne du Cameroun. JEMED, 4 (1): 27‑43

    Son D., Compaoré E., Bonkoungou S., Sangaré S., 2011. Effet du stress hydrique sur la croissance et la production du sésame (Sesamum indicum). J. Applied Biosci., 37: 2460‑2467

    Tagesson T., Fensholt R., Guiro I., Rasmussen M.O., Huber S., Mbow C., Garcia M., et al., 2015. Ecosystem properties of semiarid savanna grassland in West Africa and its relationship with environmental variability. Glob. Change Biol., 21 (1): 250‑264 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12734

    Taugourdeau S., Ndiaye O., Diatta O., Assouma M.H., 2018. Dynamic of herbaceous biomass during the wet season in the Sahel. In: Sustainable meat and milk production from grasslands. Wageningen Academic Publishers, (Grassland science in Europe, 23) European Grassland Federation General Meeting. 27, Cork, Irlande, 17-21 Juin 2018, pp. 676-678

    Xu D., Wang K., 2007. [Application of near-infrared spectroscopy to management of vegetation for natural grassland]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi, 27 (10): 2013‑2016

    Yang Z., Minggagud H., Baoyin T., Li F.Y., 2020. Plant production decreases whereas nutrients concentration increases in response to the decrease of mowing stubble height. J. Env. Manag., 253: 109745 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109745

Fourrage naturel durant la saison des pluies de 2017 au Centre de recherches Zootechniques de Dahra au Sénégal@S.Taugoudeau

Downloads

Metrics
Views/Downloads
  • Abstract
    821
  • pdf
    416

Received

2023-12-04

Accepted

2024-07-03

Published

2024-09-13

How to Cite

N’goran, A.-J. A., Ndiaye, O., Diatta, O., Ngom, D., Diatta, S. ., Gebremedhn, H. H., Fassinou, C., Bonnal, L., Bastianelli, D., Salgado, P., & Taugourdeau, S. (2024). Impact of water regime and harvest management on the quantity and quality of herbaceous forage in the Sahelian ecosystem of Senegal. Revue d’élevage Et De médecine vétérinaire Des Pays Tropicaux, 77, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.19182/remvt.37286

Issue

Vol. 77 (2024)

Section

Feed resources and feeding

Categories

License

© A.J.A.N'goran et al., hosted by CIRAD 2024

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

Funding data

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>