Connaissances actuelles sur le complexe de tourbières de la Cuvette Centrale et orientations futures pour la recherche
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.19182/bft2021.350.a36288Mots-clés
tourbière tropicale, stockage du carbone, émissions de gaz à effet de serre, paléoécologie, biodiversité, Anthropocène, République démocratique du CongoRésumé
La Cuvette centrale est le plus vaste complexe de tourbières tropicales au monde, qui s'étend sur environ 145 000 km2 en République du Congo et en République démocratique du Congo. Ce complexe stocke environ 30,6 Pg C, soit l'équivalent de trois années d'émissions mondiales de dioxyde de carbone, et représente désormais le premier site Ramsar transnational. Malgré sa taille et son importance mondiale en tant que puits de carbone, les aspects clés de son écologie et de son histoire, notamment sa formation, l'ampleur des flux de gaz à effet de serre, sa biodiversité et l'histoire de l'activité humaine, demeurent relativement peu connus. Nous synthétisons ici les connaissances disponibles sur la Cuvette centrale, en identifiant des domaines clés pour la poursuite des recherches. Enfin, nous examinons le potentiel des modèles mathématiques pour évaluer les trajectoires futures des tourbières en termes d’impacts prévisibles de l'exploitation de ressources et du changement climatique.
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