Market integration of pastoral systems in the south of Chad : case of the milk trade in Moundu

Abstract

Since 1980, livestock husbandry has steadily increased in the south of Chad, particularly because of transhumant herd moves from the center to the south of the country. Supplying cities and villages with dairy products is an important trade for the breeders. This trade was the foundation for pastoral breeders to settle down around the city of Moundu. Can such a livestock system respond in a sustainable way to the quickly growing demand of the population? Does it change as a result of integrating the market? Suburban dairy producers, dairy processors, salespersons and consumers were surveyed to better understand the organization of this subsector. Results show that the traditional dairy product trade is dynamic. More than 5000 liters originating from suburban Fulani settlements reach city markets every day. The livestock system is also adapting itself well to the new trade environment, while keeping its intrinsic mobility, even on short distances. In addition, urban dairy processors (cheesemakers and dairy bars) boost this subsector. Finally, there is not much competition with imports due to the area being enclosed and consumers’ preference for traditional products. However, Fulani pastoralist settlements generate some conflicts on land use. This study shows the need to initiate more talks between livestock breeders and cotton producers, to reorganize the cotton oilseed cake market, and to develop small dairy-processing units.