Comparaison de la résistance à la pourriture du bois de teck de plantation et du bois de teck naturel (Tectona grandis L.f.)
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.19182/bft2023.358.a37246Mots-clés
Tectona grandis, duramen, durabilité naturelle, résistance à la pourriture, provenance, bois de teck, plantation tropicale, Indonésie, Myanmar.Résumé
Le teck (Tectona grandis L.f.) est une des essences tropicales les plus largement utilisées en raison de sa durabilité naturelle. L'aubier, le duramen externe, moyen et interne et la moelle du teck de plantation (Indonésie) et du teck naturel (Myanmar) ont été testés pour leur résistance à la pourriture (composante majeure de la durabilité naturelle des bois), en appliquant un test de pourriture accélérée conformément à la norme JIS Z 2101 (1994) en présence de pourriture blanche (Trametes versicolor) et de pourriture brune (Fomitopsis palustris). Des blocs de bois de 20 × 20 × 10 mm ont été découpés dans des disques prélevés sur le rayon de la tige. Le pourcentage de perte de masse dû à la pourriture dans chaque bloc a été obtenu après 12 semaines d'incubation avec ces champignons. Les pertes de masse moyennes dues à T. versicolor sont les suivantes pour, respectivement, le teck de plantation, le teck naturel (n° 1) et le teck naturel (n° 2) : aubier 21,4 %, 7,1 % et « absence de données » ; duramen extérieur 0,6 %, 3,6 %, 6,6 % ; duramen moyen 2,3 %, 6,5 %, 5,7 % ; duramen intérieur 10,3 %, 9,6 %, 6,0 % ; moelle 13,0 %, 15,3 %, 8,2 %. Les pertes dues à F. palustris sont, respectivement : aubier 7,5 %, 3,0 %, 7,5 % ; duramen externe 0,0 %, 2,5 %, 2,7 % ; duramen moyen 0,0 %, 2,2 %, 2,3 % ; duramen interne 4,9 %, 2,0 %, 3,4 % ; moelle 13,6 %, 8,4 %, 8,0 %. La durabilité a été classée en référence à Osborne (1970), en se basant sur le pourcentage moyen de perte de masse du duramen due à la pourriture fongique. Dans l’ensemble, parmi les échantillons de teck de plantation et de teck naturel, seuls les duramen externe et moyen étaient durables. La durabilité pour le duramen interne est modérée, mais faible pour la moelle. Aucune différence nette de résistance à la pourriture n'a été constatée entre le teck de plantation et le teck naturel.
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