Amélioration des chaînes de valeur pour les petites plantations d’Acacia dans le cadre de l’alliance coopérative de Thừa Thiên Huế, Vietnam
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.19182/bft2024.359.a37090Mots-clés
Acacia, petites plantations forestières, analyse des chaînes de valeur, certification volontaire de durabilité environnementale, coopérative, VietnamRésumé
Les plantations d’Acacia au Vietnam jouent un rôle important dans l’approvisionne- ment de l’industrie de transformation du bois et la création de revenus pour les petits propriétaires forestiers. Cependant, il s’avère difficile d’améliorer leurs revenus et de réduire les vulnérabilités inhérentes aux systèmes de production actuels. Pour remédier à cette situation, une analyse quantitative et qualitative des chaînes de valeur a été entreprise pour comprendre les produits et les bénéfices des petites plantations d’Acacia dans la province de Thừa Thiên Huế au Vietnam. Les résultats montrent que les plantations d’Acacia sont rentables, ne nécessitent que peu d’intrants et ont une durée minimale de rotation de cinq ans seulement. Les coûts d’extraction et de transport représentent une part importante des coûts de production totaux. Les négociants ont un rôle important dans la mise en relation des producteurs et des transformateurs. La plupart des produits commercialisés sont des grumes d’Acacia destinées aux scieries pour déchiquetage et transformation en d’autres produits, et pour la production de bois de charpente et d’usage domestique. Les grumes d’Acacia d’un diamètre supérieur à 15 cm ont davantage de valeur ajoutée pour les entreprises de transformation du bois qui produisent des meubles destinés à l’exportation. Les vulnérabilités découlent de la chaîne de valeur très fragmentée, peu coordonnée et proposant peu de mécanismes d’échange d’informations, et des différends entre groupes ethniques qui suggèrent la nécessité d’intervenir sur les chaînes de valeur de manière culturellement sensible. Les différentes options pour augmenter les bénéfices – en particulier pour les petits propriétaires de plantations – comprennent la diversification des productions, l’intégration de la chaîne et une augmentation de la production pour une meilleure efficacité d’échelle.
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