Diversité génétique de dix peuplements de Tetraclinis articulata au Maroc révélée par marqueurs microsatellites (ISSR)
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.19182/bft2020.345.a31927Mots-clés
Tetraclinis articulata, variation génétique, fragmentation, ISSR, conservation, MarocRésumé
Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters est une des essences forestières les plus importantes pour le Maroc. Elle se trouve ponctuellement à Malte et en Espagne, ce qui témoigne d'une capacité significative d'adaptation à différentes conditions bioclimatiques. Cependant, cette essence est menacée par la fragmentation anthropogène, l'exploitation forestière et sa marginalisation par les pouvoirs publics, ce qui risque de conduire à la perte irrémédiable de cette ressource. La présente étude évalue la diversité génétique et la structure génétique de dix peuplements marocains de T. articulata à l'aide de quinze marqueurs microsatellites (ISSR). Ceux-ci ont généré 271 fragments polymorphes avec une moyenne de 18,06 par amorce et révèlent un polymorphisme à 79,59 %. Les 129 individus montrent un niveau de diversité génétique élevé (Hs = 0,221 ; Ht = 0,254) et 85 % de variation génétique au sein des peuplements. Cependant, le niveau de différenciation génétique est faible (Gst = 0,13), ce qui correspond à l'absence de corrélation entre les distances génétiques et géographiques révélées par le test de Mantel, qui se traduit par un flux génique élevé (Nm = 3,294). Les méthodes PCoA et neighbour-joining produisent un classement des dix peuplements sous l'effet d'un climat continental ou marin. Comparé à d'autres conifères, la diversité génétique actuelle et la structure populationnelle de T. articulata indiquent un patrimoine génétique important qui nécessite des stratégies de conservation efficaces.
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Références
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Liu Z.-J., Chen Y., Peng Z., Wu C., Ma Z., Ding G., et al., 2017. Genetic diversity and variation of Chinese fir from Fujian province and Taiwan, China, based on ISSR markers. Plos One, 12 (4): e0175571. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175571
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Meloni M., Perini D., Filigheddu R., Binelli G., 2006. Genetic variation in five Mediterranean populations of Juniperus phoenicea as revealed by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Annals of Botany, 97 (2): 299-304. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Faob%2Fmcj024
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Ng W. L., Tan S. G., 2015. Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers: Are we doing it right? ASM Science Journal, 9 (1): 30-39. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283256624_Inter-Simple_Sequence_Repeat_ISSR_markers_Are_we_doing_it_right
Nybom H., 2004. Comparison of different nuclear DNA markers for estimating intraspecific genetic diversity in plants. Molecular Ecology, 13 (5): 1143-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02141.x
Nybom H., Bartish I. V., 2000. Effects of life history traits and sampling strategies on genetic diversity estimates obtained with RAPD markers in plants. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 3 (2): 93-114. https://doi.org/10.1078/1433-8319-00006
Pandey M., Rajora O. P., 2012. Genetic diversity and differentiation of core vs. peripheral populations of eastern white cedar, Thuja occidentalis (Cupressaceae). American Journal of Botany, 99 (4): 690-699. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1100116
Porth I., El-Kassaby Y., 2014. Assessment of the genetic diversity in forest tree populations using molecular markers. Diversity, 6 (2): 283-295. https://doi.org/10.3390/d6020283
Powell W., Morgante M., Chaz A., Hanafey M., Vogel J., Tingey S., et al., 1996. The comparison of RFLP, RAPD, AFLP and SSR (microsatellite) markers for germplasm analysis. Molecular Breeding, 2 (3): 225-238. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564200
Prevost A., Wilkinson M. J., 1999. A new system of comparing PCR primers applied to ISSR fingerprinting of potato cultivars. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 98 (1): 107-112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001220051046
Pritchard J. K., Stephens M., Donnelly P., 2000. Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics, 155 (2): 945-59. https://www.genetics.org/content/155/2/945
Rocha J. A., Santelmo V., Meneses da Silva F. M., Jurkiewicz M. A., Souza Silva M. F., et al., 2014. ISSR Primer Selection for Genetic Variability Analyses with Jaborandi (Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf ex Wardlew., Rutaceae). Forest Research: Open Access, 03 (04). https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9776.1000126
Roldán-Ruiz I., Dendauw J., Van Bockstaele E., Depicker A., De Loose M., 2000. AFLP markers reveal high polymorphic rates in ryegrasses (Lolium spp.). Molecular Breeding, 6 (2): 125-134. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009680614564
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MAKKAOUI, M., ABBAS, Y., EL ANTRY-TAZY, S. ., MEDRAOUI, L., ALAMI, M., RABANI, S., & FILALI-MALTOUF, A. (2020). Diversité génétique de dix peuplements de Tetraclinis articulata au Maroc révélée par marqueurs microsatellites (ISSR). BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES, 345, 15–25. https://doi.org/10.19182/bft2020.345.a31927
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