Effet de la longueur des radicules et de la taille du conteneur sur les déformations des racines du chêne méditerranéen Quercus suber L.
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.19182/bft2020.343.a31669Mots-clés
chêne-liège, matériel de pépinière, qualité des semis, déformations radiculaires, longueur des radicelles, volume des conteneurs, AlgérieRésumé
L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer les effets de la longueur des radicules au moment de l'ensemencement et de la taille du conteneur sur les déformations des racines chez le chêne méditerranéen Quercus suber L. Des glands de cinq méthodes d’ensemencement – glands intacts, glands germés pendant l'entreposage, glands germés après stratification humide avec des radicelles (R) d'une longueur inférieure à 5 mm, des radicelles d'une longueur comprise entre 7 mm et 12 mm et des radicelles de plus de 15 mm – ont été semés individuellement en conteneurs WM de 400 cm3, 800 cm3 et 1 200 cm3. À la fin de la période de croissance en pépinière, les racines des 1 080 semis échantillonnés ont été examinées pour déceler les déformations des racines. Les résultats obtenus de l'expérience ont montré que la déformation des racines affectait près de la moitié (49 %) des plantules de chêne-liège cultivées en conteneurs et que l'état germinatif des glands au moment de l'ensemencement avait un effet significatif sur les déformations des racines, alors que le volume du conteneur n'avait aucun effet clair. Le plus grand nombre de racines déformées a été observé sur les semis de glands germés par rapport aux semis de glands intacts avec des pourcentages respectifs de 91 % et 9 % des semis inspectés. L'ensemencement de glands germés avec des radicelles de 15 < R < 20 mm et 7 < R < 12 mm de longueur a généré les pourcentages les plus élevés de déformations nuisibles. Indépendamment de sa taille, le type de conteneur WM sans fond s'est révélé très efficace contre la spirale radiculaire fréquemment observée dans les sacs en polyéthylène de forme cylindrique à fond fermé. Les résultats de cette étude peuvent contribuer à améliorer la qualité des semis de chêne-liège pour des programmes de reboisement plus efficaces.
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