Cocoa agroforestry systems in Africa – the art of reconciling sustainable production and ecological services
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.19182/perspective/31916Mots-clés
Agroforestry, agroforestry system, cocoa, Theobroma cacao L., yield, indicator, basal area, ecological service, carbon, sustainability, deforestation, crop pest, black pod rot, mirid, local know-how, certificationCouverture
Résumé
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Combining mixed trees with cocoa trees in so-called cocoa agroforestry systems is emerging as a viable option for regenerating cocoa cropping in Africa. Pure cocoa crop stands currently prevail in these areas but are running out of steam. Technical solutions are therefore urgently needed to stabilize cocoa-growing areas, reduce pressure on forests and adapt to climate change. A balance can be struck in stands by combining cocoa trees with diverse trees chosen by farmers for their different uses, while maintaining a suitable and sustainable cocoa yield. Ecological services such as carbon storage and crop protection are co-benefits of this balance. Recent research in Cameroon highlights that cocoa agroforestry stands can be managed using a straightforward indicator—measurement of the basal area of cocoa trees and associated trees. This indicator could be adopted for sustainable cocoa production certification purposes, while the observed convergence between local know-how and scientific results could facilitate joint drawing up of technical recommendations.
Références
Authors' publications
Andreotti F., Mao Z., Jagoret P., Speelman E. N., Gary G., Saj S., 2018. Exploring management strategies to enhance the provision of ecosystem services in complex smallholder agroforestry systems. Ecological Indicators 94 (Part 1): 257-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.06.048
Carimentrand A., 2020. Cacao : état des lieux sur la déforestation et les standards de durabilité. CIRAD Appraisal Report. Sponsor: Forest Scientific and Technical Committee of the French Development Agency (AFD). Montpellier, CIRAD, 76 p. https://agritrop.cirad.fr/596409/
Jagoret P., Michel I., Todem Ngnogué H., Lachenaud P., Snoeck D., Malézieux E., 2017. Structural characteristics determine productivity in complex cocoa agroforestry systems. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 37: 60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-017-0468-0
Jagoret P., Ruf F., Du Castel C., Harmand J.-M., Rafflegeau S., Saj S., Snoeck D., Wibaux T., 2019. Agroforestry: diversified practices for the agroecological transition of African cacao farming. In: The agroecological transition of agricultural systems in the Global South. Côte F.-X., Poirier-Magona E., Perret S., Roudier P., Rapidel B., Thirion M.-C. (Eds). Versailles, Editions Quae (Collection Agricultures et défis du monde), pp. 59-73. ISBN 978-2-7592-3056-3. https://agritrop.cirad.fr/592986/
Saj S., Durot C., Mvondo Sakouma K., Tayo Gamo K., Avana-Tientcheu M.-L., 2017. Contribution of associated trees to long-term species conservation, carbon storage and sustainability: A functional analysis of tree communities in cacao plantations of Central Cameroon. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 15: 282-302. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2017.1311764
Saj S., Jagoret P., Etoa L. E., Eteckji Fonkeng E., Tarla J. N., Essobo Nieboukaho J.-D., Mvondo Sakouma K., 2017. Lessons learned from the long-term analysis of cacao yield and stand structure in central Cameroonian agroforestry systems. Agricultural Systems 156: 95-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2017.06.002
CIRAD platform in partnership for research and training (dP) mentioned
dP Agroforestry systems in Central Africa - Agroforesterie Cameroun, https://www.cirad.fr/en/our-research/platforms-in-partnership-for-research-and-training/list-of-platforms/agroforesterie-cameroun
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