Observations on serum trace elements levels (zinc, copper and iron) in camel (Camelus dromedarius) in the arid tracts of Thar Desert in India

Abstract

Hundred and twenty-two camel serum samples (82 from a University farm, 40 from 23 farmers’ stocks) were screened for the serum levels of zinc, copper and iron. Animals were distributed all over the region of the Thar desert of Western Rajasthan (India). The overall mean serum levels in zinc, copper and iron were 85.4 ± 2.5 µg/100 ml (33.3-100.0), 94.3 ± 3.2 µg/100 ml (39.9-160.0) and 107.4 ± 3.0 µg/100 ml (40.0-182.0), respectively. Simultaneously, trace element levels from locally grown common camel feeds (plants and shrubs) consumed by these animals were also analysed. The desert plants concentrations were quite adequate in zinc, iron and manganese, but the value for copper seemed too low. However, if a sufficient quantity of roughage is available the animals can meet requirements. Trace element values from the University farm camels were always higher than those of the farmers’ stocks. The statistical analysis showed significant values in the case of iron, but non-significant ones for zinc and copper. Furthermore, young males showed a slightly lower level in comparison to adults. Generally, the status of zinc, copper and iron in Indian camels were lower than the normal values reported elsewhere. Similarly they were lower in comparison to ruminants (cattle and sheep) from the same region. Some animals showed sub-clinical deficiency levels.