Photobacteriosis surveillance in farmed sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in Tunisia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19182/remvt.36981Keywords
Dicentrarchus labrax, Sparus aurata, Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, bacterial diseases, aquacultureAbstract
Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, responsible for photobacteriosis also known as pasteurellosis or pseudotuberculosis, has been identified several times in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and sea bream (Sparus aurata), farmed in sea cages in Tunisia. The clinical, lesional and epidemiological study of this disease in these two fish species, over the period 2010‒2020, confirmed that the disease was endemic and occurred at water temperatures varying between 18 and 25°C. However, the total number of samples contaminated with P. damselae piscicida was particularly high in autumn and spring. Seasonal averages of mortalities were highly correlated with the number of seasonal episodes of the disease. Moreover, bacteriosis mainly affected young sea bream in the weight class 5‒30 g. The comparison of the number of dead fish according to species could be biased because the living conditions of sea bass and sea bream were different. In this context, numerous studies have shown that, in addition to water temperature, species and age of fish, several other predisposing factors have an impact on the onset of photobacteriosis. At clinical and lesional levels, the results were identical in sea bass and sea bream: necrotic and degenerative lesions were found in the liver and kidney, and an increase in the number of melanomacrophage centers was observed in the spleen.
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