La Resistencia a los antimicrobianos de las Escherichia coli y Klebsiella spp. aisladas de aves de corral en la comuna de Mont-Ngafula, en Kinsasa (República Democrática del Congo)
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https://doi.org/10.19182/remvt.37775Palabras clave
pollo, resistencia a los antibióticos, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, República Democrática del CongoResumen
Contexto: En avicultura, la utilización generalizada de antibióticos para prevenir y tratar las infecciones y favorecer el crecimiento ha hecho emerger bacterias resistentes que pueden propagarse en el medio ambiente y contaminar al hombre y a los demás animales. Objetivo: Para evaluar la sensibilidad de las enterobacterias a los antibióticos, nuestro estudio se interesa por la cría de aves de corral de la comuna de Mont-Ngafula, en la zona periurbana de Kinsasa. Métodos: Se aislaron enterobacterias resistentes a los antibióticos a partir de muestras fecales tomadas en aves de corral, especialmente gallinas ponedoras, pollos para carne y patos. Se identificaron con una galería clásica y se realizaron pruebas de sensibilidad con la ayuda del método de difusión por disco sobre gelosa de Mueller Hinton. Resultados: El análisis de las muestras permitió identificar 64 cepas bacterianas aisladas, entre las cuales había 60 cepas de Escherichia coli (94 %) y 4 cepas de Klebsiella spp. (6 %). Las pruebas de sensibilidad a los antibióticos revelaron una resistencia a la amoxicilina (83,3 %), a la ampicilina (83,3 %) y a la sulfadimidina (83,3 %), mientras que todas las cepas bacterianas aisladas eran sensibles a la gentamicina y a la cefuroxima (100 %). Conclusiones: Esta fuerte resistencia de las bacterias a una amplia gama de antibióticos en las aves de corral constituye un serio riesgo, que deben tener en cuenta las estructuras encargadas de la salud animal y de la salud pública. Un estudio más profundo permitiría mejorar nuestra comprensión de la resistencia observada en las aves de corral de Kinsasa.
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© D.Byakya Kikukama et al., publicado por CIRAD 2025
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
