Sheep brucellosis status in the region of Ksar El Boukhari, Médéa province, Algeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19182/remvt.37443Keywords
Sheep, brucellosis, morbidity, disease surveillance, vaccination, AlgeriaAbstract
Background: In 2002, a large-scale serological survey conducted by the Algerian Ministry of Agriculture revealed that small ruminant brucellosis is endemic in Algeria. The national prevalence was 5.68% among small ruminant herds, and the herd prevalence exceeded 10% in the Steppic region, which includes Médéa province. To remedy this situation, a new prophylactic approach was adopted in 2006 based on mass vaccination using the Rev-1 vaccine. Aim: The epidemiological status of small ruminants for brucellosis was investigated after three successive vaccination campaigns. Methods: 144 blood samples from 87 small sheep herds, distributed over 17 villages, were taken and analysed for the detection of anti-Brucella antibodies using three serological tests. Results: The results, processed by both buffered antigen and complement fixation tests, showed a prevalence at the village, herd, and animal levels of [11.76 ± 0.15]%, [4.59 ± 0.044]%, and [4.16 ±0,033]%, respectively. The results of the indirect ELISA test were slightly higher, especially for the village and animal level prevalence rates, which were estimated at [23.52 ± 0.2]% and [6.94 ± 0.042]%, respectively. Our study highlighted the endemic character of small ruminant brucellosis despite the ongoing efforts to control it. Furthermore, to complete and update the epidemiological data concerning bovine, ovine and caprine brucellosis, the results of serological tests covering 3,350 cattle, 354 sheep and 229 goats, spanning the period 2019-2023, were obtained. The seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle, sheep and goats was respectively 0.8%, 14.85% and 36.72%. This highly alarming seroprevalence of caprine brucellosis was explained by the fact that the animals detected were linked to the cases of human brucellosis reported in this region. Conclusions: Brucellosis in small ruminants remains a threat not only to livestock production but also to public health. Algerian authorities must implement a control strategy through screening, culling, and vaccination, based on the prevalence of this disease.
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