Giardia duodenalis in Algeria: a review within a One Health approach

Authors

    M. Thomas, B. Polack, M. Mammeri

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19182/remvt.37393

Keywords


Giardia duodenalis, zoonoses, disease transmission, One Health approach, molecular epidemiology, Algeria

Abstract

Giardia duodenalis is a protozoan parasite that primarily infects the small intestine of various mammals, including humans. It is a complex of species composed of multiple genotypes known as assemblages A to H. Assemblages A and B, which are considered the most zoonotic, pose a significant risk to human health. Assemblages C to H are generally found in companion animals, livestock, rodents and marine vertebrates. Giardiasis, the infection caused by G. duodenalis, is the most common intestinal parasitic infection worldwide. In Algeria, the lack of data on the occurrence and genetic characteristics of G. duodenalis limits our understanding of its epidemiology, impact and zoonotic potential. This review focuses on research conducted in Algeria, covering humans, animals and the environment, with an emphasis on the “One Health” approach. PubMed and ResearchGate databases were used to access relevant publications on the presence of G. duodenalis in humans, animals and the environment from January 2000 to April 2023. Of the seventeen publications identified, only four articles used molecular tools to identify G. duodenalis. The results revealed the presence of G. duodenalis in humans, livestock (cattle, sheep and camels), and the environment (water and soil samples). The prevalence and genetic diversity of G. duodenalis isolates varied across regions and age groups in both humans and animals. Assemblage A was commonly found in humans and animals, indicating potential zoonotic transmission. Further studies are necessary to fully grasp the transmission dynamics, zoonotic potential and public health and animal welfare implications of G. duodenalis in Algeria. Veterinarians, biologists, ecologists and health professionals should work together to tackle G. duodenalis as part of the “One Health” approach. Implementing prevention and control strategies tailored to specific regions and improving hygiene and animal husbandry practices are vital to reduce the burden of giardiasis in both humans and animals.

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Affiliations

  • M. Thomas
    Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, France
  • B. Polack
    Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, France
  • M. Mammeri
    mammerimohamed@hotmail.fr
    Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, France

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Received

2024-01-26

Accepted

2024-03-20

Published

2024-05-20

How to Cite

Thomas, M., Polack, B., & Mammeri, M. (2024). Giardia duodenalis in Algeria: a review within a One Health approach. Revue d’élevage Et De médecine vétérinaire Des Pays Tropicaux, 77, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.19182/remvt.37393

Issue

Vol. 77 (2024)

Section

Animal health and epidemiology

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© M.Thomas et al., hosted by CIRAD 2024

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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