Risk factors of postpartum genital diseases in Holstein x Lai Sind crossbred cows in smallholdings, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Abstract

A total of 353 calvings and postpartum periods of 302 Holstein x Lai Sind (HxLS) crossbred cows kept in 35 family farms in Cu Chi district, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam were observed to analyze the risk factors of retained placenta, dys­tocia and clinical endometritis. The cows were examined between day 21 post­partum and first service (109 days on average) by ultrasound and vaginoscopy. Dystocia prevalence was 1.7 higher in primiparous (29.9%) than in multipa­rous cows (20.4%) (p < 0.05). It was also six times higher in 2014 (40.6%) than in 2013 (10.1%) (odds ratio [OR] = 6.08; p < 0.001). Dystocia frequency was higher in the rainy season (30.4%) than in the dry season (17.0%) (OR = 2.14; p < 0.01). Prevalence of retained placenta was higher in 2014 (21.8%) than in 2013 (11.7%) (p < 0.01). Postpartum clinical endometritis was significantly higher in 2014 (28.6%) than in 2013 (11.7%) (OR = 3.03; p = 0.001), and in the rainy season (28.8%) than in the dry season (9.7%) (OR = 3.78; p < 0.001). Dys­tocia and retained placenta multiplied by 2.8 (p = 0.003) and 4.7 (p = 0.001), respectively, the risk of clinical endometritis.