Fièvre de la vallée du Rift en Tunisie : Synthèse sur la situation actuelle et perspectives

Selma Mejri

doi:10.19182/remvt.36975

Auteurs

S. Mejri

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.19182/remvt.36975

Mots-clés

virus de la fièvre de la vallée du Rift, épidémiologie, facteur de risque, Tunisie

Résumé

La fièvre de la vallée du Rift (FVR) est une infection zoonotique émergente infectant les humains et les ruminants. L’agent étiologique de cette infection est le virus de la FVR, un arbovirus transmis principalement par les piqûres de moustiques des genres Aedes et Culex. Durant les deux dernières décennies, des cas de FVR ont été rapportés dans des régions jusque-là indemnes et les épidémies sont devenues de plus en plus fréquentes. De par sa localisation stratégique dans le bassin méditerranéen, la Tunisie a de nombreux échanges avec les autres pays africains ainsi qu’avec l’Europe. L’analyse de la situation épidémiologique de la FVR dans ce pays pourrait aider à comprendre la situation globale de cette infection dans la région méditerranéenne et à élaborer des stratégies efficaces de surveillance à mettre en œuvre dans la région. Dans ce cadre et afin d’étudier l’état des lieux de la FVR en Tunisie, cette synthèse présente une analyse à partir de tous les articles scientifiques traitant de ce sujet dans le pays. La Tunisie est considérée comme à haut risque de propagation de la FVR en raison de sa localisation, de ses caractéristiques climatiques et environnementales, de l’abondance des vecteurs transmettant le virus de la FVR, et de la présence d’espèces animales à risque pour cette maladie. Ainsi, des mesures strictes doivent être prises afin de contrôler et de limiter toute émergence et propagation de la FVR. De telles mesures doivent inclure le contrôle des mouvements des animaux (particulièrement aux frontières), le contrôle des espèces vectrices du virus, et le perfectionnement des outils de diagnostic pour la détection précoce de tout cas suspect. L’implémentation d’une approche « Une seule santé » multidisciplinaire serait l’une des meilleures solutions pour faire face aux maladies zoonotiques à transmission vectorielle comme la FVR.

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Affiliations

S. Mejri
selma_mejri@yahoo.fr

Laboratoire de virologie, Institut de la recherche vétérinaire de Tunisie, rue Djebel Lakhdhar, La Rabta 1006 Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisie. LR03ES03 Laboratoire microorganismes et bio-molécules actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisie

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