Effets à long terme de l’ombrage et des niveaux d’intrants sur les rendements de café dans la région Pacifique du Nicaragua

Auteurs

Arlene LÓPEZ-SAMPSON
CATIE Cartago Turrialba 30501 Costa Rica
Norvin SEPÚLVEDA
CATIE Nicaragua Oficina Nacional A.P. 4830 Km 8.5 Carretera a Masaya Edificio MAGFOR Managua Nicaragua
Mirna BARRIOS
CATIE Nicaragua Oficina Nacional A.P. 4830 Km 8.5 Carretera a Masaya Edificio MAGFOR Managua Nicaragua
Eduardo SOMARRIBA
CATIE Cartago Turrialba 30501 Costa Rica
Rodolfo MUNGUÍA
Universidad Nacional Agraria Costado Noroeste Camino de Oriente Managua Nicaragua
Pedro MORAGA
Centro Nicaragüense de Estudios Cooperativos-Caja Rural Nacional Nicaragua
Alejandro PONCE
Centro de Desarrollo Tecnológico Instituto Nicaragüense de Tecnología Agropecuaria 12 Avenue Sureste Managua 14005 Nicaragua
Luis OROZCO-AGUILAR
Lutheran World Relief PO Box 17061 Baltimore, MD 21297-1061 USA
Elvin NAVARRETE
CATIE Nicaragua Oficina Nacional A.P. 4830 Km 8.5 Carretera a Masaya Edificio MAGFOR Managua Nicaragua
Ledis NAVARRETE
CATIE Nicaragua Oficina Nacional A.P. 4830 Km 8.5 Carretera a Masaya Edificio MAGFOR Managua Nicaragua

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.19182/bft2020.346.a36292

Mots-clés


rendement de café, bois d'œuvre, système sous ombrage, Inga laurina, Simarouba glauca, Tabebuia rosea, conventionnel intensif, biologique intensif, agroforesterie, Nicaragua

Résumé

La pertinence et la rentabilité de la culture du café en Amérique centrale sont menacées par des infestations de ravageurs et des maladies, par la fluctuation des cours et par le changement climatique. La culture du café sous ombrage approprié serait une des pratiques les plus prometteuses dans une optique de développement durable et d'adaptation de la caféiculture en zone marginale. La présente étude vise à enregistrer et à comparer    les rendements de cerises de café sur une période de 10 ans, sous l'ombrage d'essences fixatrices d'azote et d'essences à bois d'œuvre dans le cadre de différents systèmes d'agroforesterie (culture conventionnelle / culture biologique) sur site suboptimal. Pour certaines années de la période d'étude, des écarts de production significatifs sont constatés entre le système conventionnel et différentes combinaisons avec intrants biologiques sous différents types d'ombrage. Les systèmes de culture intensive en plein soleil sont les plus productifs en termes de rendement de café, suivis des systèmes sous ombrage d'essences à bois d'œuvre. Il est intéressant de noter que, quel que soit le système de gestion (conventionnel intensif ou biologique intensif), les systèmes de culture sous ombrage d'essences légumineuses (Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. + Simarouba glauca DC.), sont les moins productifs en termes de rendement de café. Sur l'ensemble des placettes étudiées, les essences à bois d'œuvre Simarouba glauca et Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC. montrent une bonne croissance, avec un accroissement moyen en diamètre de 2,5-3,3 cm/an (à 12 ans d'âge). Les systèmes d'agroforesterie en plein soleil et sous ombrage d'essences à bois d'œuvre génèrent les revenus bruts moyens les plus élevés. Globalement, les régimes intensifs sont les plus coûteux en gestion bien qu’ils aient les meilleures performances en termes de rendement de café.

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Références

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Publié

2020-12-25

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LÓPEZ-SAMPSON, A. ., SEPÚLVEDA, N. ., BARRIOS, M. ., SOMARRIBA, E. ., MUNGUÍA, R. ., MORAGA, P., PONCE, A. ., OROZCO-AGUILAR, L. ., NAVARRETE, E. ., & NAVARRETE, L. . (2020). Effets à long terme de l’ombrage et des niveaux d’intrants sur les rendements de café dans la région Pacifique du Nicaragua. BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES, 346, 21–33. https://doi.org/10.19182/bft2020.346.a36292