BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES: Announcements https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT <p>Open access, and free of charge, this international journal publishes articles on forestry science and technology in warm regions.</p> <p>Manuscripts are peer-reviewed in a double-blind process.</p> fr-FR Thu, 11 Apr 2024 10:47:59 +0200 OJS 3.3.0.8 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Conference announcement: Call for publications from Bois et Forêts des Tropiques - Ultramarine Cosmetopoeia 2024 Workshop - submit before 25 September 2024 https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/119 <table> <tbody> <tr> <td rowspan="2" width="141"> </td> <td rowspan="2" width="281"> </td> <td width="181"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="181"> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><strong>Publication of a special issue on Cosmetopoeia in island territory or ultramarine: Biodiversity, trees and other plants, in the scientific journal Bois et Forêts des Tropiques</strong></p> <p><strong>Workshop website:</strong> <a href="https://cosmetopee.cirad.fr/atelier-reunion-2024/presentation">https://cosmetopee.cirad.fr/atelier-reunion-2024/presentation</a></p> <p><strong>Submit your manuscript by 25 September 2024.</strong></p> <p><strong>Call for publications of Bois et Forêts des Tropiques - Research, innovation and transfer in overseas France: initiatives and feedback from the overseas network - organised in La Réunion, France - submit until 25 September 2024</strong></p> <p>The workshop will be held from 30 to 31 May 2024 at CIRAD's Plant Protection Unit in Saint-Pierre de La Réunion, France.</p> <p>Organised by the " Overseas Cosmetopoeia Network: biodiversity, trees and other plants ", this event will focus on research and development activities, and will address the issues of the emergence and structuring of supply chains and the question of access to and sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge (ABS).</p> <p>Open and compulsory registration to attend the on-site or remote conferences: <strong>Registration deadline 03/05/2024 - <a href="https://cosmetopee_reunion.eventmaker.io/fr/registration/65d8a1d27ce1722c70a05d33?no_cookie=true">Online registration</a>.</strong></p> <p>The workshop is aimed at professionals and students wishing to find out about research projects, innovations and initiatives in the field of ultramarine cosmetopoeia.</p> <p><strong>To mark the occasion, the journal Bois et Forêts des Tropiques is calling for manuscripts for publication in a special issue.</strong> <strong>Manuscripts must be submitted to the journal by 25 September 2024.</strong></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/119 Thu, 11 Apr 2024 10:47:59 +0200 Call for papers: Call for papers by Bois et Forêts des Tropiques - International Conference on Tropical Timber to be held in Madagascar - to be submitted by 25 August October 2024 https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/118 <p><strong>Conference website: <a href="https://tropicalwood.sciencesconf.org/">https://tropicalwood.sciencesconf.org/</a></strong></p> <p><strong>Submit your manuscript until 25 August 2024.</strong></p> <p><strong>Call for publications from Bois et Forêts des Tropiques - Special Tropical Woods - organised in Madagascar - to be submitted by 25 August 2024</strong></p> <p>The Higher School of Agronomic Sciences at the University of Antananarivo, with the support of IUFRO, the Royal Academy of Engineering, and the Forest &amp; Biodiversity partnership (CIRAD, Fofifa, University of Antananarivo) are organising the "Tropical Woods - Advancing the Sustainable Use of Tropical Forests" conference, which will take place from 26 to 28 August 2024 in Antananarivo (Madagascar). To mark the occasion, the journal Bois et Forêts des Tropiques will publish a special issue at the end of the first half of 2025 based on the following five conference themes:</p> <ol> <li class="show">Tropical wood identification and traceability for sustainable supply chains of forest products.</li> <li class="show">Innovations in wood usage in construction across tropical countries.</li> <li class="show">Wood energy in the tropical countries: advancing sustainability and livelihoods.</li> <li class="show">Utilization of tropical wood in cultural artifacts.</li> <li class="show">Tropical non-timber forest products (NTFPs): exploring opportunities and advancements.</li> </ol> <p>The conference programme will include five keynote speakers who will share their research findings on specific topics:</p> <ul> <li>Baomiavotse Vahinala Raharinirina (University of Fianarantsa, former Madagascan Minister for the Environment): Challenges of the forest economy in Madagascar: From conservation to sustainable development.</li> <li>Thomas Reynolds (University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom): From microscopes to satellites: research on wood and bamboo for building.</li> <li>Rostand Moutou-Piti (University of Clermont-Auvergne, France): Challenges of wooden construction in the face of climate variations.</li> <li>Gilles Chaix (CIRAD, France): Near Infrared spectrometry – As a tool for tropical forest products identification and properties estimation.</li> <li>Jean-Henry Ferrasse (University of Aix-Marseille, France): Towards a green future: Chemical engineering to valorise wood in the energy sector.</li> </ul> <p><em><a href="https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/index">Bois et Forêts des Tropiques</a></em> is an international, Open Access, academic journal committed to providing a publication platform for PhD students, researchers, consultants, practitioners from academia, development projects, industry to share reflections on the concurrent and rising topics of forestry, agroforestry, trees, wood, environment, global change. The articles focus on warm, tropical and Mediterranean regions. The journal is dedicated to publishing high-quality articles, such as original research, review and synthesis articles, case studies, opinion pieces, short communications, position papers, position papers, research notes, technical notes and descriptions, etc. The journal is supported by CIRAD. Publication of original articles is free of charge.</p> <p>Authors will be able to submit their finalised manuscript for double-blind peer review until 25 August 2024. Publication is free of charge for authors. Manuscripts may be submitted in French or English. <strong>Authors will find all information to <a href="https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/guide-manuscrit">prepare and submit the manuscript</a>. They will be reviewed in a double-blind process.</strong></p> <p>Further information on the conference can be found on the conference website: <a href="https://tropicalwood.sciencesconf.org/">https://tropicalwood.sciencesconf.org/</a></p> https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/118 Thu, 14 Mar 2024 14:25:36 +0100 General information: FAIR ou ne pas FAIR ?!... https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/116 <p><strong>To FAIR or not to FAIR?</strong></p> <p>Since the beginning of 2022, the journal <em>Bois et Forêts des Tropiques</em> has been committed to applying the FAIR principles that characterise open science (<a href="https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/Donnees_recherche">more information on the journal's website</a>). At least three questions may arise as authors when confronted with this. What is FAIR? What can we do with FAIR? As an author, how do we go about it?</p> <p>FAIR stands for Easy to Find, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is behind this approach, which sets out a number of principles, in particular that of long-term access to publicly-funded research data as one of the key elements of research infrastructures.</p> <p>As an extension of this, authors of scientific articles are now required to sign up to the sharing of data collected when the research has been funded by the public, as in research and research training infrastructures such as universities, for example. Opening up access to data in this way is another way of guaranteeing the quality of the research carried out and published. It also makes it easier for the reviewers in charge of examining the manuscripts to intervene and check the analyses applied to ensure that the experiments are well-founded and reproducible.</p> <p>For authors, this means depositing in a digital repository the data used in published research results, with or without conditions for use by other researchers. This enables authors to be recognised when data is shared and published through citations. This sharing motivates future collaboration with other teams to explore new knowledge and set up partnerships. The conditions for using and downloading data can be configured on the digital platforms of the data warehouses. We recommend setting conditions for access and requiring the dataset to be cited. To deposit data, authors can find digital repositories close to their disciplines on the <a href="https://zenodo.org/">ZENODO</a> web portal. It is the authors who determine the levels of access and conditions, reserving privileged access to the journal for reviews when requested by the journal.</p> <p><em>Bois et Forêts des Tropiques</em> is supporting this commitment by asking authors to deposit their data in a digital repository. For the future, the journal is trying to resolve the legal and technical constraints in order to offer this digital data deposit service directly and exclusively on a warehouse dedicated to authors publishing in CIRAD journals. In the meantime, we recommend using the <a href="https://zenodo.org/">ZENODO</a> web portal. Similarly, we invite you to explore the <a href="https://coop-ist.cirad.fr/gerer-des-donnees">CoopIst</a> website, which is full of advice on preparing to share public research data, or publish articles of all kinds.</p> https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/116 Thu, 15 Jun 2023 10:43:20 +0200 General information: Disparition de Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury : une vie entièrement vouée aux forêts tropicales https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/110 <p>Reconnue, respectée et estimée dans le monde forestier tropical, impliquée dans la formation des jeunes chercheurs du Sud, Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury était une scientifique dotée d’une détermination et d’une générosité que rien ne pouvait entamer. Elle nous a quittés le 22 janvier 2023 au terme d’un long combat contre la maladie.</p> <p>Sylvie était Ingénieure du génie rural des eaux et des forêts et docteur en sciences. Elle avait soutenu sa thèse sur la dynamique forestière en Guyane. La passion l’avait prise. Depuis, elle s’est entièrement impliquée dans la gestion et la conservation des forêts tropicales.</p> <p>Travailleuse infatigable, dotée d’une rare ténacité, armée d’une rare compétence, elle conciliait la conduite de projets scientifiques d’envergure avec la fréquentation assidue des forêts, dans des conditions physiques parfois éprouvantes. Mais Sylvie était une bâtisseuse et, pour cela, allait au contact des arbres, de ces arbres qu’elle aimait, quels qu’ils fussent.</p> <p>Elle s’affirmait convaincue du rôle premier de la formation et, pour cela, intervenait en soutien dans des universités d’Afrique centrale, et encadrait des doctorants du Nord comme du Sud, les formant avec une attention, une rigueur et un sens du partage qui forçait l’admiration de ses collègues.</p> <p>Sylvie était une personne inapte au découragement, incapable de laisser tomber quoi que ce soit, armée d’un dynamisme et d’une espérance qui l’ont animée jusqu’au bout. D’une énergie contagieuse, elle savait motiver les autres membres de la communauté forestière tropicale. Ses réflexions sur le devenir des forêts ne paraissaient jamais cesser en elle. C’était ce devenir-là auquel elle semblait tenir avec le plus de force et d’engagement.</p> <p>Et puis, le ciel s’est brusquement couvert. Un cyclone est passé et le grand arbre s’est abattu, creusant la forêt et la communauté scientifique d’un vide immense. En termes forestiers, cela s’appelle un chablis. Lorsqu’un arbre ainsi tombe au milieu de ses proches, l’ouverture est vouée à se combler. La forêt fait son deuil.</p> <p>Mais la présence de l’arbre, même disparu des yeux, demeure.</p> <p> </p> https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/110 Thu, 26 Jan 2023 15:38:34 +0100 Call for papers: IRG54 - Special session and special issue on Tropical woods: Natural and conferred durability chemistry https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/109 <p><strong>IRG54 - Special session and special issue on Tropical woods: Natural and conferred durability chemistry</strong></p> <p>The IRG54 meeting of the International Research Group on Wood Protection will be held on May 28 - June 1, 2023 at the Pullman Hotel in Cairns, Queensland in Australia.</p> <h2 align="left">Special Session 1</h2> <h4 align="left">Tropical woods: Natural and conferred durability</h4> <h4 align="left">Convener: Kévin Candelier</h4> <p align="left">We invite submissions on the utilization of tropical wood species. Topics of interest include extractives defense mechanisms against fungi, insects and marine borers, protection of tropic wood in service (including modification and design), and valorization of tropical wood with low natural durability.</p> <p align="left">Authors of papers in this special session will be invited to submit their work for publication in a special issue of the scientific journal Bois et Forêts des Tropiques [Tropical &amp; Mediterranean Woods &amp; Forests] (<a href="https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT">https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/index</a>). This special issue should be published in late 2023 or early 2024.</p> <p align="left"><strong>Partnership of Bois et Forêts des Tropiques journal with IRG54 in regards to this Special Session</strong></p> <p align="left">Partnership of <a href="https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT">Bois et Forêts des Tropiques</a> journal with IRG54 in proposing a special issue linked with the special scientifique session at IRG54 "Tropical woods: Natural and conferred durability"</p> <p><a href="https://www.irg-wp.com/IRG54/index.html">More information</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.irg-wp.com/IRG54/index.html"><img class="sidebar-image" src="https://www.irg-wp.com/IRG54/picts/AusOutline1 rev1 complete.png" alt="image" width="126" height="125" /></a></p> <p> </p> <p><img src="blob:https://revues.cirad.fr/11e7bae1-c947-4b19-8777-62fb0162418d" /></p> <p><img src="https://www.irg-wp.com/images/BFT.png" width="152" height="152" /> <img src="https://www.irg-wp.com/images/cirad.png" width="271" height="106" /></p> https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/109 Wed, 11 Jan 2023 15:44:47 +0100 General information: Call for applications - Bois et Forêts des Tropiques (Tropical & Mediterranean Woods, Trees & Forests) renews its editorial board https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/108 <p><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>Call for applications - Bois et Forêts des Tropiques (Tropical &amp; Mediterranean Woods, Trees &amp; Forests) renews its editorial board</strong></span><br /><br />The journal Bois et Forêts des Tropiques (Tropical &amp; Mediterranean Woods, Trees &amp; Forests) is renewing the members of its editorial board for the next period from January 2023 to December 2025. The call for applications is open to all researchers and teacher-researchers from institutions in the North and South. You can apply until 31 January 2023, by sending us your motivations and information necessary to constitute your application file.<br />The members of the editorial board will reinforce the editorial team for a period of 3 years (<a href="https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/role_comite">find out more about the role and commitment of the editorial board member</a>).<br /><strong>All applications should be declared and sent by e-mail to <a href="mailto:bft@cirad.fr?subject=BFT-Candidacy for editorial board member">bft@cirad.fr</a>.</strong> They should be accompanied by a synthetic curriculum vitae (2 pages maximum), a description of your main and secondary scientific fields (<a href="https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/libraryFiles/downloadPublic/51">download the model form</a>), and a letter of motivation. Any application that does not include all the requested documents will not be considered by the selection committee.<br /><br /><strong>The journal in a few words</strong><br />Bois et Forêts des Tropiques is an international scientific and technical journal. It is managed by CIRAD and works in line with its mandate and promotes North-South partnership. It publishes applied research articles, often territorially based, from the work of researchers and PhD students. It is careful to respect a North-South partnership, to allow researchers and young researchers to experiment with the exercises of publication, evaluation of manuscripts, and to be a member of the editorial committee. The editorial model chosen is the "Diamond" model, free for authors and free for readers, with no embargo. CIRAD covers the publication costs. Intellectual property rights are governed by copyright and the Creative common CC-BY. The journal is part of the open science and open access strategy.<br />All detailed information on the journal is available on the website: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/index">https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/index</a><br /><br /><strong>Commitment of the editorial board member</strong><br />Being a member of the Editorial Board of Bois et Forêts des Tropiques means accepting and applying the values and scientific ethics chosen by the journal. It is therefore a matter of accompanying authors towards the improvement of their publication projects as much as possible, but also of participating in the reflections with the editorial board in order to improve the editorial line and the quality of the journal's publications. You can find out more about the commitment and role of the editorial board member by <a href="https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/role_comite">consulting the detailed description of his/her mission</a>.</p> https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/108 Fri, 06 Jan 2023 09:13:55 +0100 Call for papers: Call for Bois et Forêts des Tropiques publications – Special Agroforestry – submit before 31st October 2022 https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/98 <p><strong>Call for <em>Bois et Forêts des Tropiques</em> publications – Special Agroforestry – submit before 31st October 2022</strong></p> <p>The year 2022 will offer us two major conferences dedicated to Agroforestry: <a href="https://euraf.isa.utl.pt/node/1754">Euraf 2022 (16-20 May 2022)</a> and the <a href="https://www.convention.qc.ca/evenements/5e-congres-mondial-agroforesterie-wca5/">5th World Agroforestry Congress (17-20 July 2022)</a>.</p> <p>In order to promote the visibility of research results in Agroforestry, <em><a href="https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/index">Bois et Forêts des Tropiques</a></em> is calling for the publication of innovative and original articles on different themes that highlight the capacities and limitations of Agroforestry today:</p> <ul> <li>Agroforestry and tropical forest protection.</li> <li>Agroforestry and landscape restoration (ecological connectivity, tree cover...).</li> <li>Agroforestry and landscape scale.</li> <li>Pantropicality of agroforestry.</li> <li>Valuation of agroforestry wood: what prospects for the wood sector?</li> <li>Agroforestry and women farmers (gender).</li> <li>Agroforestry, access to knowledge, living standards, working conditions.</li> </ul> <p><em><a href="https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/index">Bois et Forêts des Tropiques</a></em><em> (Troprical &amp; Mediterranean Woods &amp; Forests) </em>is a peer-reνіeѡed international academic ϳοᴜrnal, Open Access, committing itself to offering a platfοrm for the PhD students, researchers, consultants and practitioners from academia, development projects, industry to share thoughts on the concurrent and rising topics in forestry, agroforestry, tree, wood, environment, global changes. The articles concern hot, tropical or Mediterranean regions. Our ϳοᴜrnal devotes itself to ρυblіshing scientific рαрers of high-quality, such as Original Researϲh, Rеᴠiеᴡ Artісlеs, Case Reροrts, Brief Communications, Opinion Paprers, Position Papers, and so on. The journal is supported by CIRAD. Publication of original articles is free of charge.</p> <p><strong>Manuscripts should be submitted by 31th October 2022 online</strong> where you can find all information to <a href="https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/guide-manuscrit">prepare and submit your manuscript</a>. They will be reviewed in a double-blind process.</p> https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/98 Mon, 13 Dec 2021 16:10:53 +0100 Publication of a book on forests: Living with tropical forests https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/95 <p><img src="/public/site/images/jftrebuchon/livre-couverture-8001.jpg"></p> <p>SIST P., DOUMENGE C., GOND V., TASSIN J., TRÉBUCHON J.-F., 2021. LIVING WITH TROPICAL FORESTS. FRENCH EDITION. MUSEO, CIRAD, 216 P.</p> <p>What could be more complex than the tropical forest and the relationships that humans have with it? Yet, or rather because of this, clichés, shortcuts, misunderstandings and even misunderstandings abound in discourses that are too readily simplistic.<br>The aim of this book, conceived and written by a team of researchers, is on the contrary, without jargon or condescension, to give an account of the respective imbrications between humans and tropical forests. Only by taking these interdependencies into account can we hope to save the joint future of humans and forests. The aim of this book is therefore to enter the forest with them, not to leave them on the edge...<br>The authors of this book belong to the Forests and Societies research unit of the Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD). These researchers come from a variety of disciplines, from ecology to anthropology, and are familiar with the large tropical forest regions, whose landscapes and peoples they know well.<br>The book is organised in three parts dealing with the specificities of the three tropical continents (Africa, America and Asia), preceded by a general presentation of tropical forests and followed by a set of perspectives for the forests and the people who live there. For each topic, we have chosen to deliver a specific message without falling into the trap of an encyclopaedia.</p> <p><a href="http://www.museo-editions.com/">www.museo-editions.com</a></p> https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/95 Mon, 05 Jul 2021 17:49:28 +0200 General information: The journal Bois et Forêts des Tropiques doubles its impact factor https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/88 https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/88 Mon, 18 Jan 2021 16:21:05 +0100 Publishing an issue: Bois et Forêts des Tropiques n°342 - online https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/76 <p>New Issue of Bois et Forêts des Tropiques n° 342 is now published...</p> https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/76 Wed, 30 Oct 2019 17:22:47 +0100 Publishing an issue: Summary of the journal Bois et Forêts des Tropiques N° 341 https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/70 <p>Bois et Forêts des Tropiques publishes No. 341, third quarter 2019. This new issue features an issue consisting of an editorial, seven articles and two thesis abstracts. In the editorial, R. Peltier raises the question of the role of agroforestry in the future of tropical forests. Among the articles, Goba <em>et al.</em> analyze the demographics of <em>Pterocarpus erinaceus</em> stands and the potential for regeneration of the species as a function of exploitation intensity in three types of savannahs. Kyale Koy <em>et al.</em> study deforestation from 1986 to 2016 induced by anthropisation in the space of the Yangambi Biosphere Reserve (Democratic Republic of Congo), and identify four areas with specific socio-environmental dynamics that require appropriate management. Andary <em>et al.</em> study a chemotaxonomic marker capable of identifying the genus <em>Aquilaria</em>. Angoboy Ilondea <em>et al.</em>, having monitored and analysed the phenology of 158 tree species, determined the fruiting diameter (minimum and regular) of 87 species. Forni <em>et al.</em> report on the unique permanent new-generation sampling site in Central Africa needed to understand tropical production forests and for sustainable management. Kumar <em>et al.</em> explore the effects of delignification and compression in improving some physical properties of 6-year-old <em>Melia dubia</em> wood from plantations. W. Viana de Andrade Júnior <em>et al.</em> evaluate the biochemical responses of <em>Parkia gigantocarpa</em> saplings to waterlogging. Among the thesis abstracts, B. Vincent highlighted that rhizoban symbiosis provided more than 80% of the total nitrogen in natural populations of Acacia spirorbis developing on study sites with calcareous, metalliferous and volcano-sedimentary soils. As for C. Piponiot, by exploring possible trade-off scenarios between ecosystem services (timber, carbon and biodiversity), she shows the slow recovery of wood volume in the Amazon, and the unsustainability of current harvesting practices. This new issue is also the opportunity to announce the publication of the book "<em>Agroforesterie et services écosystémiques en zone tropicale</em>" coordinated by J. Seghieri and J.-M. Harmand. Finally, from 11 to 19 June 2020, IUCN will organize the World Conservation Congress at the Palais des Congrès Marseille Chanot in France. All articles are in open access and free of charge <a href="/index.php/BFT/issue/view/BFT%20341">available on the journal's website</a>.</p> https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/70 Wed, 28 Aug 2019 00:00:00 +0200 Presentation of the published issue: Contents of the new issue of Bois et Forêts des Tropiques n°339 https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/67 <p>Bois et Forêts des Tropiques publishes No. 340, from the second quarter of 2019. This new issue features a special issue dedicated to wood energy, consisting of seven articles and a thesis summary. In the first article, R. Peltier asks questions about the future of wood energy by expressing different hypotheses in connection with the articles in this issue. Charpin <em>et al.</em> characterize the wood sector from Analamanga to Madagascar to develop the wood-energy supply scheme. Sola <em>et al.</em> analyze public policies governing wood energy in sub-Saharan Africa. Temmerman <em>et al.</em> highlight the technological advantages of the Green Mad Retort carbonization furnace in Madagascar. Schure <em>et al.</em> present solutions to increase carbonization beyond technological possibilities. Péroches <em>et al.</em> show the importance of participation and land to implement Simple Resource Management Plans for wood energy production on the periphery of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Sibelet <em>et al.</em> analyze the contribution of agroforestry to wood energy production to improve living conditions in Guatemala. S. Mouzoun presented a summary of her thesis on the crested porcupine, <em>Hystrix cristata</em>, in the reserves in northern Benin. It is also the opportunity to announce the publication of the book "<em>Arbres, arbustes et lianes d’Afrique de l’Ouest</em>" by Michel Arbonnier. Finally, in October 2019, the IUFRO conference on Casuarinas for a green economy and environmental sustainability will be held.. All articles are <a href="/index.php/bft/">available on the journal's website</a>. </p><p> </p> https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/67 Mon, 01 Jul 2019 00:00:00 +0200 Presentation of the published issue: Contents of the new issue of Bois et Forêts des Tropiques n°339 https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/62 <p>Bois et Forêts des Tropiques publishes No. 339, first quarter 2019. This new issue begins with an editorial presenting the journal's perspective on editorial ethics and scientific integrity to serve the South. He then published articles on CIRAD's wood collection, the identification of African mahogany, local knowledge of the uses of <em>Isoberlinia</em> spp., Aleppo pine cubing tariffs, <em>Cola Milenii</em>'s knowledge and uses, the challenges of managing <em>Entandrophragma</em> species, and the thesis summary of biodiversity structuring and climate change through the <em>Khaya</em> genus.</p><p>In addition, we recall the upcoming conference on Agroforestry from 20 to 22 May in Montpellier (France).</p><p>All articles are <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="/index.php/bft/">available on the journal's website</a></span>.</p><p> </p> https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/62 Wed, 17 Apr 2019 00:00:00 +0200 Presentation of the published issue: Contents of the new issue of Bois et Forêts des Tropiques n°338 https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/59 <p>Bois et Forêts des Tropiques publishes n° 338, of the fourth quarter of 2018. This new issue features articles on the Impact of Chromolaena odorata on the</p><p>tree regeneration, salt water to modify the technological properties of wood, the perception of agroforestry species and their ecosystem services, the soil seed bank and germination determinants, the revision of cubage rates, the diversity of endomycorrhizal fungi, and the biodiversity of edible wild macro fungi.</p><p>In addition, we announce the next conference on Agroforestry from 20 to 22 May in Montpellier (France), and the one organized by IUFRO from 29 September to 5 October in Curitiba (Brazil) on forest research and cooperation for sustainable development.</p> https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/59 Mon, 11 Feb 2019 12:46:11 +0100 Presentation of the published issue: Contents of the new issue of Bois et Forêts des Tropiques n°337 https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/55 <p>Bois et Forêts des Tropiques publishes n° 337, of the third quarter of 2018. This new issue features articles on the growth of Atlas cedar, the growth of <em>Swietenia macrophylla</em> seedlings in burns, the responses of Atlas cypress seedlings to mycorrhizal inoculation, an assessment of tree density using remote sensing, human influence on cork oak forest diversity, and the population structure of <em>Neocarya macrophylla</em>. This new issue also reflects a new thesis on the evolution and functional adaptation of tropical trees of the genus <em>Guibourtia</em> Benn.</p><p>Finally, we announce the next conference on the link between forests and water organized by IUFRO and others.</p>All articles are <a href="/index.php/bft/">available on the journal's website</a>. https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/55 Mon, 26 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0100 Publishing an issue: BOIS & FORÊTS DES TROPIQUES n° 336 https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/43 <table width="0" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="bottom" width="163"><p class="BFTWeb-en-tte-2"> <a href="http://www.cirad.fr/"><img 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" 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qFlgQtLg4yXtgMQM0uZ1J/ka0Z2to9Hrq8oPfjsvYvM51TAITEmKcNDlOUAAEBT/wlpdqhrjnKaHBAmKYuMvpDqrJM4Z/pwkhVVXbXT02AmDuW1FbOTxLz8QG6WKv1yDgBjNdPA4ak3azcJS8K4BX7ryt9/iCco4K6NdAQWLJOVhbvn+m87HAV02sgsDQMA7Dod42iQOeolcu28LtNtFga8KfNdcbKbT44srCJ0Wc2ClxsXbdYH6r7ix/+dG/sFt26loJTtUC/kHRfJdGLFO5t85mX5S418ZYY8tDA4vCJiRXnYsd50JnFiMMMIANSd2V4lIeLiIPc03/qbJxgLwBgw+ThxZfQyRgBw7O4ZZUGER76fXZIw5rwGqMQIYQCIu5TmnqHiZPs4J0irOuvpkejTwgCQd6nMOUUiLAmXF8/Lul4AMJ3L0/hNYvN7R//mW7tIXD7vrUMfjTLAXR/rmFfxR7/6ldLS+d8c3c1AjRGQ06Zw4Gw8J9Pb0ShXGObTZaWK83mKGJGkQOVXFBZWFRFSs+CV3OAffhBFb/U0viuol7oWzJlT7OGetkD1/o55IcWh8jy5WC8XZqmU+QF+RSErD4beMrUATUNM5o0RAKRezvTK9BUUBjslSbOulDJbRdQPk0jTyTW1yab+k/Lc+W45SrtEQTzNqvTGY1o1HJ2Ck6lkJ8urOuvgF624tdwlSepVFOyVpdRfywGgIgGaTqCnsOXNui+kZeG8osD1lX8eY4C7Nd4TWfG6vGqhqMD/08avCaDKJ1QRh65Z/HQywdkgszfIZfqwG6ZeFiBywjy6IX2Nh14iyw3wLgySF4Yrc4L/GC//bLsw501FudRVrXD9cqP3K4mhqpIQUb5KmqEUGLx5Gd7CHJVnuuTzunem8CPAGCMSMTUlSnpVdNfw9X5umX72GsEXR76lgCNoG0GAMQaCoHUJncU39h3nGwLYmQqbREEs7ar0me8/n+KYKmEbFZwURfWN+l8Cd2HwvFQX4Jzt7aQT7jgeRVLEgkggMQkYMLLAxJrKDzg5fs6ZijdK3zMxMW4Ejb1S+pZnhr9LtjyyeO2w+SFQdQRETU9SMc5BI3LWSSXaoE5TNwthAgBqrxdL4yTORgFXJ/PQKtz0coFW6p0genWvcu233kuifOQaH65B5qaXuum8uVofN53CQytj60QecbyarmKg4w2JGX4kgQQMvaYepS7cSiuy1YnEafMuj3UCAEYkYDN+8i0MohI1gPreI26p3vZ6sXU8j2LV6QpP1NkEm3ieo07iplZW33wKcEPEcHDGMnu11FotDNGvGCJNAEBiRGKSxAgAusf7AjSR9mmSOWqv1YVvjTPAAcDbRZ9YJfFsdSLPFNWRgRNAvZ/CJKLLMGh9yXvWGr5DmlSoCegw9bIIjAnACBP/rNriFMOem8CzTvGwS+GxtVJng4yboXRKl9npxQ7JfIdEkX2iyFkjdtVK3NOVrjq5VYzHJ2UfWzAlRJhqGA0ESVW9vqj55sVYDiddbp0qfK1wY+f47ZlbHbCM6JtzWu+2AkOADb1HnRMldjqhVZwXLYAZ5th9On5ODNdBJ3bXqGpvHf4lcBYgPq7eZhUtcEoRzj7AiT+fOvMuBth+NObFfZw5at4LCZxXCzdQwFFLTjyrm7WPM1fDs4rz3HDwgwkYn9k37YLOLppnpRM46YSCVN8OUy8LASKxGQDGJ/s3F6/lxHMc0mVsrcJVr3TMUHHSlRyDNztd4WCQsfXeLjo5O13KMcpcMpXWqYIww9KOh52PqY3RPVSkpyRU+4P2AE2kbaqXq0HppJb5GVdGnY0r76ks7q6OOpMUmfPanJ/Yb5d9Mk5OTlucu0bpYJBYMwJ4uhoZ1ZxoE89z0EtcNcqnuioANPWccE2QOetFDlqpp8Z379n49pEbfZaBC/cufH3kO9d4hTjdj2vwttHyF2SuGrY8BKYYenOsN0Sz3DpN6GBUOqTIPq792/HBszcm+y/cb486G+8So+DrQ/n6YEet2EPtc/XhLRZGGONJKjAPTd3a3vCht0HOzVJycn05GUpXvcwtQ8HN8/MsCpGUzhcWBvNyQ1wzfeYke4YYl58bbgYAAlE5FjkDQYqS6Hhf092g1ITNTvZyzlCwMxRco8orO9Ajw8/JILNL47+odhXE+bUOttE7v3PC0+DrkCGZHedx4FwqTFMJwN5zSXYpQnuDxC5BVHWjjjmlmUaFAeCHkwdc0pQeRUHcogD3NF8/4+KQgtd4+qBZsU6vlW40XM+VZ0c4ZEsCjC93Tw7RvTAGgNLr5UJ1gFOGt3Omj22K2CstMLhgpXfeIts0hZ9xSUFPaWT+qtlqvkOS5MS98yzAmCoiWjAGgHFyILMtZmVxON8oZ+vkdnoxO1shLgpTVS1R1i0RVERys/14GvHble9cGWkDAIxo/UZ9b+IJrQ2YeQMDF4fb/lz2mVw7zzPLn18YKj4Y7pnv556h9EuPfOvg5kO9DQQ5Sbnqyf7miNzXfbMjRCnBhks5jPkCAOgu5vjqFshywlTqiPrOI0+xN4QBwwSYtZczVhatUxREcvOD7I3eLyXznJJkf679e7epb9A8uKbq3cCSxX/M3tA13gsAQAImMSAMYCm7VbmyYINLqmqu2stax2Ub+PzMgFUVHx3tP2GByffKNvPTVH5pkRU366n3qgCAMUYIW6ivQ9wcPRd7etuqggjfNIlAK1LkB/mURwRWhi8tWfh59cbyzrxHMAFA5YpPqXf/zAqod1QkoJahtuKeyuiW1J0n9ie0pJXcrGp9cM1CazsaaBMxfs3UcXXs8pXR9vsTI4gKlogkER54dO/K6JUrD6+2j94cm3r0FNxmvL3uGe+t72vSd+QkXdLnXis81nNqAkgAmCAnOsa7r5k6b4zdGifHmdc5JIno8u/Q1FDlrdo9p+O+qNm560RsRXftoHkIABDCfab+ttErVx5eH5i8y/rFLgnGXiwm4s71e02Hu7U1PdENfQlnBw8OTnQADRkjJx6ry/8LPAQWROdUT7vNuNwvX5FYgCSBIABPYQuTyP3raRh1+PNvLNB3AWML7QLMhAQQiBJHVLH0qVvBQGCMZn5RAcP/AsjJzyiRKqB/AAAAAElFTkSuQmCCAA==" 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alt="" /></a></p></td><td valign="bottom" width="357"><p class="BFTWeb-en-tte-1"><strong>Bois et Forêts des Tropiques</strong></p><p class="BFTWeb-en-tte-2"><strong> </strong></p><p class="BFTWeb-en-tte-2"><strong>Volume 336 – 2<sup>e </sup>trimestre – Août 2018</strong></p><p class="BFTWeb-en-tte-2"><strong>ISSN: L-0006-579X</strong></p></td><td valign="bottom" width="94"> <a href="/index.php/BFT/issue/view/BFT336/showToc"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" 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" alt="" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table><div><p class="BFTWeb-ligneverte"> </p></div><p class="BFT-Rsumtexte" align="left"> </p><p><img src="/public/site/images/jftrebuchon/CouvBft336-252.jpg" alt="" /> BFT 336 – <em><a href="/index.php/BFT/issue/view/BFT336/showToc"><em>Download all the issue…</em></a></em></p><p class="BFT-Textes"><strong>EDITORIAL</strong></p><p class="BFT-Rsumtitre"><a href="/index.php/BFT/article/view/31615">Is sustainable logging possible in Africa's dense forest?</a></p><p class="BFT-Rsumtitre">A. Karsenty</p><p class="BFT-Textes"><strong> </strong></p><p class="BFT-Textes"><strong>ARTICLE OF SCIENCE</strong></p><p class="BFT-Rsumtexte"><strong><a href="/index.php/BFT/article/view/31602">Tropicale silviculture in dense African forest (Part 1)</a></strong><strong> </strong><strong></strong></p><p class="BFT-Rsumtexte"><strong>R. Catinot, I. Bossanyi (trad.)</strong></p><p class="BFT-Rsumtexte"><strong> </strong></p><p class="BFT-Rsumtexte"><strong><a href="/index.php/BFT/article/view/31611">Tropical silviculture in dense African forests (Part 2)</a></strong><strong> </strong><strong></strong></p><p class="BFT-Rsumtexte"><strong>R. Catinot, I. Bossanyi (trad.)</strong></p><p class="BFT-Rsumtexte"><strong> </strong></p><p class="BFT-Rsumtexte"><strong><a href="/index.php/BFT/article/view/31612">Tropical silviculture in dense African forest (Part 3)</a></strong><strong></strong></p><p class="BFT-Rsumtexte"><strong>R. Catinot, I. Bossanyi (trad.)</strong></p><p class="BFT-Rsumtexte"><strong> </strong></p><p class="BFT-Rsumtexte"><strong><a href="/index.php/BFT/article/view/31613">Tropical silviculture in dense African forest (Part 4)</a></strong><strong></strong></p><p class="BFT-Rsumtexte"><strong>R. Catinot, I. Bossanyi </strong></p><p class="BFT-Rsumtexte"><strong> </strong></p><p class="BFT-Rsumtexte"><strong><a href="/index.php/BFT/article/view/31614">Tropical silviculture in dense African forest (Part 5)</a></strong><strong></strong></p><p class="BFT-Rsumtexte"><strong>R. Catinot, I. Bossanyi </strong><strong>(trad.)</strong><strong></strong></p><p class="BFT-Textes"> </p><p class="BFT-Textes"><strong>PHILOSOPHIÆ DOCTOR</strong></p><p class="BFT-Rsumtexte" align="left"><strong><a href="/index.php/BFT/article/view/31616">The facilitation principle applied to ecological restoration of degraded mining sites: monitoring ectomycorrhizal communities during plant succession assisted by <em>Acacia spirorbis</em></a></strong><strong></strong></p><p class="BFT-Rsumtexte" align="left"><strong>A. Houlès </strong></p><p class="BFT-Rsumtexte" align="left"><strong> </strong></p><p class="BFT-Rsumtexte" align="left"><strong><a href="/index.php/BFT/article/view/31617">Effect of plant diversity on the productivity of multi-species cropping systems: a case study on agroforestry systems in Talamanca, Costa Rica</a></strong><strong></strong></p><p class="BFT-Rsumtexte" align="left"><strong>R. Salazar-Diaz </strong></p><p class="BFT-Textes"> </p><p class="BFT-Textes"><strong>BOOK REVIEW</strong></p><p class="BFT-Rsumtexte"><strong><a href="/index.php/BFT/article/view/31625">Atlas des bois tropicaux, caractéristiques technologiques et utilisations.</a></strong><strong> </strong><strong>Gérard J. (Coord.), Guibal D., Cerre J.-C., Paradis S</strong><strong>. Éditions QUÆ. </strong><strong></strong></p><p class="BFT-Textes"> </p><p class="BFT-Textes"><strong>INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES</strong></p><p><strong><a href="/index.php/BFT/article/view/31626">4th World Congress on Agroforestry, 20-25 may 2019 in Montpellier, France.</a></strong></p><strong></strong><strong></strong> https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/43 Sun, 09 Sep 2018 00:00:00 +0200 Presentation of the published issue: Contents of the new issue of Bois et Forêts des Tropiques n°336 https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/50 Bois et Forêts des Tropiques publishes No. 336, dated the second quarter of 2018. This new issue is devoted to the translation into English of articles from the 1960s previously published in the journal by René Catinot, former CTFT Director. The articles, an inseparable series divided into five parts, discuss silvicultural techniques to promote the regeneration of exploited forests in order to propose solutions to maintain a timber-producing forest for the industrial timber sector. These articles clarify silvicultural methods, highlighting the growth constraints of young plants installed in a low-environmental setting in the early years. On reading the summary, you will discover an editorial written by Alain Karsenty questioning the possibility of maintaining sustainable exploitation of Africa's dense humid forests. This editorial prefaces the five articles on silvicultural methods and light needs according to the species settled in dense African humid forests. In addition to the research articles, the issue presents summaries in French, English and Spanish of two recent theses awarded. One by Anne Houlès provides knowledge on the ecological restoration of mining sites using mycorrhizae, the second by Ricardo Salazar-Diaz presents the effect of plant diversity on agroforestry systems. Finally, we announce the next conference dedicated to the 4th World Agroforestry Congress to be held from 20 to 25 May 2019 in Montpellier, France. All articles are <a href="/index.php/bft/">available on the journal's website</a>. <br /><br /> https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/BFT/announcement/view/50 Thu, 06 Sep 2018 16:13:25 +0200